Universal Form Of Health Care Video
How Medicare-For-All Works In Australia Universal Form Of Health CareUniversal Form Of Health Care - agree, this
Universal health coverage is a broad concept that has been implemented in several ways. The common denominator for all such programs is some form of government action aimed at extending access to health care as widely as possible and setting minimum standards. Most implement universal health care through legislation, regulation and taxation. Legislation and regulation direct what care must be provided, to whom, and on what basis. The logistics of universal healthcare vary by country.
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Background
Build your knowledge with top universities and organisations. Learn more about how FutureLearn is transforming access to education. View transcript. The Agenda for Reform caused a furore, as it seemed to endorse a marketisation of health care, which had largely been agreed to be something that should be protected from market forces.
The small print suggested that the rationale was an intention to reallocate public subsidy from hospitals to primary care by charging at hospital level in order to better subsidise primary care and divert demand to lower levels of the system. But that was largely missed in the debate, and possibly not only the debate. And certainly, the report prefigured a wave of generalised marketisation of health sectors, especially through introduction of user fees at all levels of health systems and with considerable, often unsuccessful, attempts to develop various forms of health insurance intended to replace tax-based funding and private sector provision of health care.
The rationale for the Bamako Initiative was quite different. The lack of resources at primary level were considered only remediable by generating resources at that level through revolving drug funds, where initial supply of drugs is replenished from the revenues generated from their sale or Universal Form Of Health Care. But the main critique was similar.
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Expecting users of services to pay when sick is regressive, constrains access to care, penalises the sick, and demands payment at a time when the household may have least capacity to pay. It might be seen as a last resort when more progressive and prospective or in-advance-of-need payment strategies are unavailable. The resulting waves of indiscriminate user fee introduction following Universal Form Of Health Care Agenda for Reform publication therefore had predictable consequences, such as those listed here.
A reduction in levels of use of health care in many cases, despite continued need for care. Limited resource generation.
And little progress in improved service quality. After the Agenda for Reform, the World Bank became much more actively involved in the health sector and in focused its main annual report, the World Development Report, on health. There were two main elements of this report, a reiteration with some softening of the ideas of Agenda for Reform and a proposal Foem detailed cost effectiveness work to support it that public subsidies should focus on an essential package of services determined on cost effectiveness criteria, similar but less narrowly defined than the selective primary health care idea.
A heavy reliance on out-of-pocket Cars is a characteristic of lower-income countries. And there is a very clear association between reliance on out-of-pocket expenditure and incidence of catastrophic health expenditure judged liable to push households below the poverty line. So the pendulum swung. And countries started trying to remove their user fees. Systems had come to rely on fees.
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And they needed to be carefully dismantled so as not to cause health workforce dissatisfaction, drug stockouts, and otherwise open up shortfalls in health care supply. The World Health Report of is another major landmark in the story. The main text captured current thinking and how to manage the tensions between financing and service delivery, public and private roles, even comprehensive and selective primary health care visions. But the health system ranking exercise contained in its appendix dominated the debate and proved highly divisive.]
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