Sumerians Egyptians and Chinese Contributions Video
Sumerians Tell a Very Different Version than the Historians - Their Words are Inexplicable Sumerians Egyptians and Chinese Contributions
The history of writing traces the development of expressing language by letters or other marks [1] and also the studies and descriptions of these developments. In the history of how writing systems have evolved in different human civilizations, more complete writing systems were preceded by proto-writingsystems of ideographic or early mnemonic symbols symbols or letters that make remembering them easier. True writingin which the content of a linguistic utterance is encoded so that another reader can reconstruct, with a fair degree of accuracy, the exact utterance written down, is a later development.
It is distinguished from proto-writing, which typically avoids encoding grammatical words and Sumeriajs, making it more difficult or even impossible to reconstruct the exact meaning intended by the writer unless a great deal of context is already known in advance. One of the earliest forms of written expression is cuneiform.
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Writing was long thought to have been invented in a single civilization, a theory named "monogenesis". However, the discovery of the scripts of ancient Mesoamericafar away from Middle Eastern sources, proved that writing had been invented more than once. Scholars now recognize that writing may have independently developed in at least four ancient civilizations: Mesopotamia between and BCEgypt around BC[6] [7] [3] China BC[8] and lowland Sumerians Egyptians and Chinese Contributions of Southern Mexico and Guatemala by BC.
Regarding Egypt, several scholars [6] [10] [11] have argued that "the earliest solid Chindse of Egyptian writing differs in structure and style from the Mesopotamian and must therefore have developed independently. The possibility of 'stimulus diffusion' from Mesopotamia remains, but the influence cannot have gone beyond the transmission of an idea. Regarding China, it is believed that ancient Chinese characters are an independent invention because there is no evidence of contact Contrbutions ancient China and the literate civilizations of the Near Andd, [13] and because of the distinct differences between more info Mesopotamian and Chinese approaches Sumerians Egyptians and Chinese Contributions logography and phonetic representation.
All are undeciphered, and so it is unknown if they represent authentic writing, proto-writingor something else. The Sumerian archaic pre- cuneiform writing and Egyptian hieroglyphs are generally considered the earliest true writing systems, both emerging out of their ancestral proto-literate symbol systems from — BC, with earliest coherent texts from about BC. The Proto-Elamite script is also dated to the same approximate period. Symbolic communication systems are distinguished from writing systems in that one must usually understand something of the associated spoken language to comprehend the text.
In contrast, symbolic systems, such as information signspaintingmapsand mathematicsoften do not require prior knowledge of a spoken language. Every human community possesses language, a feature regarded by many as an innate and defining condition of humanity see Origin of language. However the development of writing Cinese, and their partial supplantation of traditional oral systems of communication, have been sporadic, uneven, and slow.
The Sumerian Culture - The First Urban Civilization . The
Once established, writing systems on the whole change more slowly than their spoken counterparts and often preserve features and expressions that no longer exist in the spoken language. There are considered to be three writing criteria for all writing systems. The first being that writing must be complete.
It must have a purpose or some sort of meaning to it.]
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