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All rights reserved. Massive and mysterious, Stonehenge has stood for 4, years on Salisbury Plain.

Over the last two decades, archaeologists have made huge strides in piecing together these different elements of the landscape, their relationships to each other, and what they are revealing about the Neolithic people who built them. D ecision over Stonehenge Tunnel sparks controversy. And no one can work out how the stones were so skillfully lifted up to such a height or why they were erected there. Named for the 17th-century antiquarian who discovered them, the 56 Aubrey Holes run in a circular formation just inside the earthwork that encircled the rings of Stonehenge.

Early 20th-century excavations revealed cremated remains in their topmost strata as well click here fasteners used to close the bags that held them.

When hole number VII was re-excavated in as part of the Stonehenge Riverside Project, 25 separate individuals, probably members of a ruling Relationships Are Complex And Multi Layered, were identified. Dating from to B. Some 40 percent of the individuals did not come from the local area.

Introduction

Theories over the stones and their purpose proliferated in the 17th century. English architect Inigo Jones was convinced that Stonehenge was a Roman temple built using the principals of classical architecture.

Philosopher Walter Charleton disagreed with Jones and claimed that the Vikings had built it. Today they are called the Aubrey Holes in his honor, and modern scholars believe that wooden posts once stood in them. Work continued into the 18th century, when the scholar William Stukeley identified the Avenue, a roughly two-mile lane that connects the Avon River with Stonehenge. Like Aubrey, Stukeley considered the stone circles to have been built by Druids. In the 19th century scholars began to consider a Relationships Are Complex And Multi Layered provenance. The Stonehenge complex features many Neolithic siteslong the banks of the Avon River. Archaeologists believe the landscape was first regarded as special because retreating glaciers hollowed out furrows in the ground that, by coincidence, aligned with significant positions of the sun at the June and December solstices.

One of the first human-made features was the Greater Cursus, an earthwork begun around B. This massive trench that measures nearly two miles long and several hundred feet wide.

Stukeley was the first to identify the feature, located about a half mile north of Stonehenge. These Scottish ruins predate Stonehenge. Work on the iconic stone circles began centuries after the Greater Cursus, around B.

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The Mutli section was an outer circular earthwork, formed by a moat and two embankments on either side. The central horseshoe made of trilithons two upright stones topped by a lintel and the surrounding outer ring of stones were completed around B. These giant building blocks, called sarsens, are sandstone. Weighing around 25 tons each, they were quarried only about 20 miles from where they are today. The 80 smaller slabs of dolerite bluestone standing alongside them came from much farther away: western Wales, a distance of about a miles. The first stones believed to be erected at Stonehenge also traveled the farthest to get there.

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Archaeologists discovered that the bluestones, each weighing Mulgi four tons, were brought to Stonehenge from the Preseli Hills of southwestern Wales—a journey of more than miles by land. The theory was first proposed as early as the s, and geological research undertaken in the s click conclusively pinpointed the exact location of the quarries, called Carn Goedog and Craig Rhos-y-felin, where the stones were excavated.

Scholars are still debating how the bluestones actually got from Wales to the Salisbury Plain. One theory, now discredited, was that glaciers had borne the stones and deposited them in England; most scholars now agree that people transported them. The question of how, and whether by land or by water, remains to be answered.]