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How The Ming Dynasty Incan Society And

As famineplagues and peasant revolts swept across China in the 14th century, [6] Zhu Yuanzhang rose to command the forces that conquered China, ending the Mongol -led Yuan dynasty and forcing the Mongols to retreat to the Eurasian Steppe. Zhu claimed the Mandate of Heaven and established the Ming dynasty at the beginning of How The Ming Dynasty Incan Society And and occupied the Yuan capital, Khanbaliq present-day Beijingwith his army that same year. Trusting only his familyhe made his many sons powerful feudal princes along the northern marches and the Yangtze valley. This ended in failure when the Jianwen Emperor 's attempts to unseat his uncles led to the Jingnan Rebellion.

The reign of the Hongwu Emperor is notable for his unprecedented political reforms. The emperor abolished the position of chancellor[10] drastically reduced the role of court eunuchsand adopted draconian measures to address corruption.

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In the s and s a series of purges were launched to eliminate his high-ranked officials and generals; tens of thousands were executed. The emperor encouraged agriculture, reduced taxes, incentivized the cultivation of new land, and established laws protecting peasants' property. He also confiscated land held by large estates and forbade private slavery.

At the same time, he banned free movement in the empire and assigned hereditary occupational categories to households. Zhu was born to a family of impoverished peasant tenant farmers in Zhongli Village in the Huai River plain, which is in present-day FengyangAnhui Province. He had seven older siblings, several of whom were "given away" by his parents, as they did not have enough food to support the family. He then buried them by wrapping them in white cloth.

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His grandfather, who lived to be 99 years old, served in the Southern Song army and navy, which had fought against the Mongol invasion, and told his grandson tales of it. Destitute after his family's death, Zhu accepted a suggestion to take up a pledge made by his brother and became a novice monk at the Huangjue Temple, [21] a local Buddhist monastery.

However, he was forced to leave the monastery after it ran short of funds.

For the next few years, Zhu led the life of a wandering beggar and personally experienced the hardships of the common people. He learned to read and write during the time that he spent yDnasty the Buddhist monks. The monastery where Zhu lived was eventually destroyed by an army suppressing a local rebellion. His rebel force later joined the Red Turbans then led by Han Shantonga millenarian How The Ming Dynasty Incan Society And related to the White Lotus Societyand one that followed cultural and religious traditions of BuddhismZoroastrianism and other religions. Widely seen as a defender of Confucianism and neo-Confucianism among the predominant Han Chinese population in China, Zhu emerged as a leader of the rebels that were link to overthrow the Yuan dynasty. InZhu and his army conquered Nanjing[26] which Incna his base of operations and the capital of the Ming dynasty during his reign.

Zhu's government in Nanjing became famous for good governance, and the city attracted vast numbers of people fleeing from other more lawless regions. It is estimated that Nanjing's population increased tenfold over the next 10 years. Bycentral and Southern China had fallen into the hands of different rebel groups.

During here time the Red Turbans also split up. Zhu became the leader of a smaller faction called "Ming" aroundwhile the larger faction, under Chen Youliangcontrolled the center of the Yangtze River valley. Zhu was able to attract many talents into Societj service. Starting fromZhu, and Chen Youliang fought a protracted war for supremacy over the former territories controlled by the Red Turbans.]