Atheism Is Positively Correlated With Intelligence - amazonia.fiocruz.br

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Criticism of religion involves criticism of the validity, concept, or ideas of religion. Historical records of criticism of religion go back to at least 5th century BCE in ancient Greecewith Diagoras "the Atheist" of Melos.

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Every exclusive religion on Earth as well as every exclusive world view that promotes exclusive truth-claims necessarily denigrates the truth-claims of other religions. Critics of religion in general may portray religion as one or more of: outdated, harmful to the individualharmful to societyan impediment to the progress of sciencea source of immoral acts or customs, a political tool for social control.

Before the 17th century, religion was conflated with every day life. Religion as a modern Western concept developed from the 17th century onwards. Today, religion is broadly conceived as an abstraction Atheism Is Positively Correlated With Intelligence entails beliefs, doctrines and sacred places—even though the ancient and medieval cultures that produced religious textslike the Bible or the Qurandid not have such conceptions or ideas in their languages, cultures, or histories. Despite believing in gods, Lucretius, like Epicurusfelt that religion was born of fear and ignorance, and that understanding the natural world would free people of its shackles. In the 18th century, Voltaire was a deist and was strongly critical of religious intolerance. Voltaire complained about Jews killed by other Jews for worshiping a golden calf and similar actions, he also condemned how Christians killed other Christians over religious differences and how Christians killed Native Americans for not being baptised.

Voltaire claimed the real reason for these killings was that Christians wanted to plunder the wealth of those killed. Voltaire was also critical of Muslim intolerance. Also in the 18th century, David Hume criticised teleological arguments for religion.

Hume claimed that natural explanations for the order in the universe were reasonable, see design argument. An important aim of Hume's writings was demonstrating the unsoundness of the philosophical basis for religion. In the early 21st century, the New Atheists became focal polemicists in modern criticism of religion.

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Their books and articles have spawned debate in multiple fields of inquiry and are heavily quoted in popular media online forums, YouTubetelevision and popular philosophy. In The End of Faithphilosopher Sam Harris focuses on violence among other toxic qualities of religion. In Breaking the Spellphilosopher Daniel Dennett focuses on the question of "why we believe strange things".

In The God Delusionbiologist Richard Dawkins covers almost every facet of religion, injecting both snarky irony and humor. In God Is Not Greatjournalist and polemicist Christopher Hitchens focused on how religious forces attack human dignity and on the corruption of religious organizations.

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In the Oxford Handbook of Atheismaccording to Thomas Zenc the four books were published during a time of intense debate on political, religious and sociological questions. The works share many common themes yet notably differ in scope, style and content. According to Zenc, while the beginnings of a broader narrative New Atheism seems to have emerged, it does not stand up to the full definition of a movement. Some criticisms of Abrahamic Psitively have been:.]