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The Taiping Rebellionwhich is also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolutionwas a massive rebellion or civil war that was waged in China from to between the established Qing dynasty and the theocratic Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

In one of the bloodiest civil wars in world history, the established Qing government won decisively, although it was weakened. The uprising was commanded by Hong Xiuquanthe self-proclaimed brother of Jesus Christ. Its goals were religious, nationalist, and political in nature; they sought the conversion of the Chinese people to the Taiping's syncretic version of Christianity. They also sought to overthrow of the ruling Manchu Dynasty and a transformation of the state. For more than a decade, the Taiping occupied and fought across much of the mid and lower Yangtze valley. Ultimately devolving into total Studebt. It was the largest in China since the Qing conquest in and it involved every province of China proper except Gansu.

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It ranks as one of the bloodiest wars in human history, the bloodiest civil war and the largest conflict of the 19th century. Estimates of the war dead range from 20 to 30 million, with a recent Chinese study estimating up to 70 million dead. In terms of deaths the civil war is comparable to World War I.

Weakened severely by an attempted coup the Tianjing incident and Stuxent failure of the siege of Beijingthe Taipings were defeated by decentralized, irregular armies such as the Xiang Army commanded by Zeng Guofan. The terms which writers use for the conflict and its participants often represent their different opinions.

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In modern Chinese, the war is often referred to as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, due to the fact that the Taiping espoused a doctrine which was both nationalist and communistand the Taiping represented a popular ideology which was based on either Han nationalism or protocommunist values. The scholar Jian Youwen Haotiwn among those who refer to the rebellion as the "Taiping Revolutionary Movement" on the grounds that it worked towards a complete change in the political and social system, rather than working towards the replacement of one dynasty with another. Instead, they argue that the conflict should be called a " civil war. In English, the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace has often been shortened to simply the Taipings, from the word "Peace" in the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace, but it was never a term that either the Taipings or their enemies used to refer to them. Qing-dynasty China during the early to midth century suffered a Assessmetn of natural disasters, economic problems and defeats, in particular the humiliating defeat in by Great Britain in the First Opium War.

Meanwhile, the population of China had increased rapidly, nearly doubling between andwhile the amount of cultivated land was stable. Meanwhile, Assessment 3 Student Name Haotian Wang Student was beginning to make inroads in China.

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In Hong Xiuquana Hakka from a poor village in Guangdongonce again failed the imperial examinationfrustrating his ambition to become a scholar-official in the civil service. Soon after Hong began preaching across Guangxi inhis follower Feng Yunshan founded the God Worshipping Societya movement which followed Hong's fusion of Christianity, AasessmentConfucianism and indigenous millenarianismwhich Hong presented as a restoration of the ancient Chinese faith in Shangdi.

Taiping Christianity". The Taiping Rebellion began in the southern province of Guangxi when local officials launched a campaign of religious persecution against the God Worshipping Society. In early Januaryfollowing a small-scale battle in late Decembera 10,strong rebel army organized by Feng Yunshan and Wei Changhui routed Qing forces stationed in Jintian present-day GuipingGuangxi.

Taiping forces https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/blog/woman-in-black-character-quotes/article-review-effective-recruiting-strategies-for-successful.php repulsed an attempted imperial reprisal by the Green Standard Army against the Jintian Uprising. On January 11,Hong declared himself the Heavenly King of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace or Taiping Heavenly Kingdomfrom which comes the term "Taipings" that has often been applied to them in the English language. The Taipings began marching north in September to escape Qing Assessment 3 Student Name Haotian Wang Student closing in on them. The Taiping army pressed north into Hunan following the Xiang Riverbesieging Changshaoccupying Yuezhouand then capturing Wuchang in December after reaching the Yangtze River.

At this point the Taiping leadership decided to move east along the Yangtze River. Anqing was captured in February Taiping leaders reached out to Triad organizations, which had members in South China and among government troops. The use of the reign year title Tian De Heavenly Virtue in early Taiping documents appealed to these sectarians because it had been used in earlier revolts. Hong Daquan's purported confession made the dubious claim that Hong Xiuquan had made him co-sovereign of the Heavenly Kingdom and given him that title, which was more likely an echo of an earlier but unconnected White Lotus Rebellion. However, the capture of Nanjing in that year led to a deterioration of relations between the Taiping rebels and the triads.

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On March 19,the Taipings captured the city of Nanjing and Hong declared it the Heavenly Capital of his kingdom. Since the Taipings https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/blog/purdue-owl-research-paper/adam-and-eves-sin-worship-without-sacrifice.php the Manchus to be demons, they first killed all the Manchu men, then forced the Manchu women outside the city and burned them to death. In Hong Xiuquan withdrew from active control of policies and administration to rule exclusively by written proclamations. He lived in luxury and had many women in his inner chamber, and often issued religious strictures.]