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Smog is a type of intense air pollution. The word "smog" was coined in the early 20th century, and is a contraction portmanteau of the words smoke and fog to refer to smoky fog due to its opacity, and odor.

This kind of visible air pollution is composed of nitrogen oxidessulphur oxidesozonesmoke and other particulates. Man-made smog is derived from coal combustion emissions, vehicular emissions, industrial emissions, forest and agricultural fires and photochemical reactions of these emissions. Smog is often categorized as being either summer smog or winter smog.

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Summer smog is primarily associated with the photochemical formation of ozone. During the summer season when the temperatures are warmer and there is more sunlight present, photochemical smog is the dominant type of smog formation. During the winter months when the temperatures are colder, and atmospheric inversions are common, there is an increase in coal and other fossil fuel usage to heat homes and buildings. These combustion emissions, together with the lack of pollutant dispersion under inversions, characterize winter smog formation. While photochemical smog is the main smog formation mechanism during summer months, winter smog episodes are still common. Smog formation in general relies on both primary and secondary pollutants.

The Effects Of Chemical Contamination On The pollutants are emitted directly from continue reading source, such as emissions of sulfur dioxide from coal combustion. Secondary pollutants, such as ozoneare formed when primary pollutants undergo Contaminatiom reactions in the atmosphere. Photochemical smog, as found for example in Los Angeles, is a type of air pollution derived from vehicular emission from internal combustion engines and industrial fumes. These pollutants react in the atmosphere with sunlight to form secondary pollutants that also combine with the primary emissions to form photochemical smog. In certain other cities, such as Delhi, smog severity is often aggravated by stubble burning in neighboring agricultural areas. The atmospheric pollution levels of Los AngelesBeijingDelhiLahoreMexico CityTehran and other cities are often increased by an inversion that traps pollution close to the ground.]