Physical and Behavioral Responses to Starvation and - amazonia.fiocruz.br

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Physical and Behavioral Responses to Starvation and Video

Starvation is a severe deficiency in caloric energy intake, below the level needed to maintain an organism's life. It is the most extreme form of malnutrition. In humans, prolonged starvation can cause permanent organ damage [1] and eventually, death. The term inanition refers to the symptoms and effects of starvation. Starvation may also be used as a means of torture or execution.

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According to the World Health Organizationhunger is the single gravest Killer Whale The to the world's public health. The bloated stomach represents a form of malnutrition called kwashiorkor. The exact pathogenesis of kwashiorkor is not clear, as initially it was thought to relate to diets high in carbohydrates e. Possible causes such as aflatoxin poisoning, oxidative stress, immune dysregulation and altered gut microbiota have been suggested. The beginning stages of starvation impact mental status and behaviors. These symptoms show up as irritable mood, fatigue, trouble concentrating, and preoccupation Physical and Behavioral Responses to Starvation and food thoughts. People with those symptoms tend to be easily distracted and have no energy.

As starvation progresses, the physical symptoms set in. The timing of these symptoms depends on age, size, and Behavioal health. It usually takes days to weeks, and includes weakness, fast heart rate, shallow breaths that are slowed, thirst, and constipation. There may also be diarrhea in some cases. The eyes begin to sink in and glass over.

The muscles begin to Physkcal smaller and muscle wasting sets in. One prominent sign in children is the belly begins to swell. Skin loosens and turns pale in color, and there may be feet and ankle swelling.

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Symptoms of starvation may also appear in other areas such as weakened immune system, slow wound healing, and poor response to infection. Rashes may develop on the skin. The body directs any nutrients available to just keeping organs functioning.

The symptoms of starvation show up in three stages. Phase one and two can show up in anyone that skips meals, diets and goes through fasting. Phase three is more severe and results from long-term starvation and can be fatal. Here are the three phases:. Phase one: When meals are skipped, the body begins to maintain its own blood sugar levels by production of glycogen in the liver and breaking down stored fat and protein. The liver can only provide glycogen for the first few hours.

After that, the body Physical and Behavioral Responses to Starvation and to break down fat and protein. Fatty acids are used by the body as an energy source for muscles, but lower the amount of glucose that gets to the brain. Another chemical that comes from fatty acids is glycerol. It can briefly be used like glucose for energy, but eventually runs out. Phase two: Phase two can last for up to weeks at a time.

In this phase, the body mainly uses stored fat for energy. The breakdown occurs in the liver and turns fat into ketones.

After fasting has gone on for one week, your brain will use these ketones and any leftover glucose.]