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In mythology , the Greek underworld is an otherworld where souls go after death. The original Greek idea of afterlife is that, at the moment of death, the soul is separated from the corpse, taking on the shape of the former person, and is transported to the entrance of the underworld. Good people and bad people would then separate. There are six main rivers that are visible both in the living world and the underworld. Their names were meant to reflect the emotions associated with death. Hades and the Underworld.

He was the offspring of the monsters Echidna and Typhonand was usually described as having three heads, a serpent for a tail, and snakes protruding from multiple parts of his body. Cerberus is primarily known for his capture by Heraclesone of Heracles' twelve labours. Descriptions of Cerberus vary, including the number of his heads.

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Cerberus was usually three-headed, though not always. Cerberus had several multi-headed relatives. His father was the multi snake-headed Typhon[3] and Cerberus was the brother of three other multi-headed monsters, the multi-snake-headed Lernaean Hydra ; Orthrusthe two-headed dog who guarded the Cattle of Geryon ; and the Chimerawho had Hades and the Underworld heads: that of a lion, a goat, and a snake. In the earliest description of Cerberus, Hesiod 's Theogony c. In art Cerberus is Underwprld commonly depicted with two dog heads visiblenever more than three, but occasionally with only one.

Horace's Hades and the Underworld snake-headed Cerberus followed a long tradition go here Cerberus being part snake. This is perhaps already implied as early as in Hesiod's Theogonywhere Cerberus' mother is the half-snake Echidnaand his father the snake-headed Typhon.

In art Cerberus is often shown as being part snake, [13] for example the lost Corinthian cup showed snakes protruding from Cerberus' body, while the mid sixth-century BC Laconian cup gives Cerberus a snake for a tail. In the literary record, the first certain indication of Cerberus' serpentine nature comes from the rationalized account of Hecataeus of Miletus fl.

Cerberus was given various https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/blog/gregorys-punctuation-checker-tool/literature-in-america.php traits. According to EuripidesCerberus not only had three heads but three bodies, [23] and according to Virgil he had multiple Hades and the Underworld. Cerberus' only mythology concerns his capture by Heracles. Heracles was aided in his mission by his being an initiate of the Eleusinian Mysteries. Euripides has his initiation being "lucky" for Heracles in capturing Cerberus.

According to Diodorus, Heracles went to Athens, where Musaeusthe son of Orpheuswas in charge of the initiation rites, [33] while according to Apollodorus, he went to Eumolpus at Eleusis. Heracles also had the help of Hermesthe usual guide of the underworld, as well as Athena. In the OdysseyHomer has Hermes and Athena as his guides.

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By most accounts, Heracles made his descent into the underworld through an entrance at Tainaronthe most famous of the various Greek entrances to the underworld. While in the underworld, Heracles met the heroes Theseus and Pirithouswhere the two companions were being held prisoner by Hades for attempting to carry off Hades' wife Persephone. Along with bringing back Cerberus, Heracles also managed usually to rescue Theseus, and in some versions Pirithous as well. The earliest evidence for the involvement of Theseus and Pirithous in the Cerberus story, is found on a shield-band Hades and the Underworld c. There are various versions of how Heracles accomplished Cerberus' capture. In some early sources Cerberus' capture seems to involve Heracles fighting Hades.

Homer Iliad 5.

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Consistent with the no iron requirement, on an early-sixth-century BC lost Corinthian cup, Heracles is shown attacking Hades with a stone, [54] while the iconographic tradition, from c. Euripides, has Amphitryon ask Heracles: "Did you conquer him in fight, or receive him from the goddess [i. To which, Heracles answers: "In fight", [56] and the Hades and the Underworld fragment says that Heracles "overcame the beast by force".

There were several locations which were said to be the place where Heracles brought up Cerberus from the underworld.

AD 24 reports that "according to the myth writers" Cerberus was brought up at Tainaron, [63] the same place where Euripides has Heracles enter the underworld. Seneca has Heracles enter and exit at Tainaron.

Another tradition had Cerberus brought up at Heraclea Pontica the same place which Xenophon had earlier associated with Heracles' descent and the cause of the poisonous plant aconite which grew there in abundance. Enraged, the previously submissive Cerberus struggles furiously, and Heracles and Theseus must together drag Cerberus into the light. Pausanias reports that according to local legend Cerberus was brought up through a chasm in the earth dedicated to Clymenus Hades next to the sanctuary of Chthonia at Hermione Hades and the Underworld, and in Euripides' Heraclesthough Euripides does not say that Cerberus was brought out there, he has Cerberus kept for a while in the "grove of Chthonia " at Hermione. In some accounts, after bringing Cerberus up from the underworld, Heracles paraded the captured Cerberus through Greece.]