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Secrets of Adam and Eve

In human geneticsthe Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor Y-MRCAinformally known as Y-chromosomal Adam is the most recent common ancestor MRCA from whom all currently living males are descended patrilineally.

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The term Y-MRCA reflects the fact that the Y chromosomes of all currently living human males are directly derived from the Y chromosome of this remote ancestor. The analogous concept of the matrilineal most recent common ancestor is known as " Mitochondrial Eve " mt-MRCA, named for the matrilineal transmission of mtDNAthe most recent woman from whom all living humans are descended matrilineally.

As with "Mitochondrial Eve", the title of Ee Adam" is not permanently fixed to a single individual, but can link over the course of human Analysis of Adams Argument To Eve as paternal lineages become extinct. Estimates of the time when Y-MRCA lived have also shifted as modern knowledge of human ancestry changes. Inthe discovery of a previously unknown Y-chromosomal haplogroup was announced, [1] which resulted in a slight adjustment of the estimated age of the human Y-MRCA.

Efe ofestimates of the age of the Y-MRCA range aroundtoyears ago, roughly consistent with the emergence of anatomically modern humans. The Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor is the most recent common ancestor of the Y-chromosomes found in currently living human males. Due to the definition via the "currently living" population, the identity of a MRCA, and by extension of the human Y-MRCA, is time-dependent it depends on the moment in time intended by the term "currently".

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The MRCA of a population may move forward in time as archaic lineages within the population go extinct: once a lineage has died out, it is irretrievably lost. Such an event https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/blog/work-experience-programme/the-ethics-of-nursing-practice.php be due to the total extinction of several basal haplogroups. If the lineages of all but one of those sons die out, then the title of Y-MRCA shifts forward from the remaining son through his patrilineal descendants, until the first descendant is reached who had at least lf sons who both have living, patrilineal descendants.

Although the informal name "Y-chromosomal Adam" is a reference to the biblical Adamthis should not be misconstrued as implying that the bearer of the chromosome was the only human male alive during his time. By the nature of the concept of most Anaylsis common ancestors, these estimates can only represent a terminus ante quem "limit before which"until the genome of the entire population has been examined in this case, the genome of all living humans.

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Estimates on the age of the Y-MRCA crucially depend on the most archaic known haplogroup extant in contemporary populations. As of [update]this is haplogroup A00 discovered in Age estimates Analysis of Adams Argument To Eve on this published during — range betweenandyears, compatible with the time of emergence and early dispersal of Homo sapiens. In addition to the tendency of the title of Y-MRCA to shift forward in time, the estimate of the Y-MRCA's DNA sequence, his position in the family tree, the time when he lived, and his place of origin, are all subject to future revisions.

In contrast to mitochondrial DNA mtDNAwhich has a short sequence of 16, base pairsand mutates frequently, the Y chromosome is significantly longer at 60 million base pairs, and has a lower mutation rate. These features of the Y chromosome have slowed down the identification of its polymorphisms; as a consequence, they have reduced the accuracy of Y-chromosome mutation rate estimates. Methods of estimating the age of the Here for a population of human males whose Y-chromosomes have been sequenced are based on applying the theories of molecular evolution to the Y chromosome.]