Vaccines Antibody Mediated Since Passive Immunisation - sorry, not
This is unlikely because coronavirus diseases in humans lack the clinical, epidemiological, biological, or pathological attributes of ADE disease exemplified by dengue viruses DENV. Severe disease centers on older persons with preexisting conditions and not infants or individuals with previous coronavirus infections. Live virus challenge of animals given SARS or MERS vaccines resulted in vaccine hypersensitivity reactions VAH , similar to those in humans given inactivated measles or respiratory syncytial virus vaccines. Not since pandemic smallpox or the influenza have humans confronted an epidemic viral pathogen as successful as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SAR- CoV-2 , a member of a family of viruses that cause serious diseases in many vertebrates [ 1 ]. It has proved difficult to achieve robust vaccine protection against avian, bovine, porcine, canine, and feline coronaviruses, failures sometimes attributed to antibody-dependent enhancement ADE [ 2 ]. VAH was first described in humans in the early s, after formalin-inactivated measles vaccines were introduced in the United States and Europe. Within months, large numbers of vaccinated children developed a severe breakthrough disease, called atypical measles [ 6 ]. A similar outcome, vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease VAERD , was observed in infants aged 4—12 months who were given formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus RSV and a few months later infected by RSV [ 7 ]. Lung lesions revealed damage to parenchymal tissue, a pulmonary neutrophilia with abundant macrophages and lymphocytes, and excess eosinophils. Vaccines Antibody Mediated Since Passive Immunisation.Vaccines Antibody Mediated Since Passive Immunisation - what
By Joseph Mercola. The specific and significant COVID risk of ADE should have been and should be prominently and independently disclosed to research subjects currently in vaccine trials, as well as those being recruited for the trials and future patients after vaccine approval, in order to meet the medical ethics standard of patient comprehension for informed consent. How the Immune System Sompayrac, Lauren M. What exactly does that mean? This is the exact opposite of what a vaccine is supposed to do, and a significant problem that has been pointed out from the very beginning of this push for a COVID vaccine. However, in some instances, the presence of specific antibodies can be beneficial to the virus. This activity is known as antibody-dependent enhancement ADE of virus infection.The specific and significant COVID risk of ADE should have been and should be prominently and independently disclosed to research subjects currently in vaccine trials, as well as those being recruited for link trials and future patients after vaccine approval, in order to meet the medical ethics standard of patient comprehension for informed consent. What exactly does that mean? This is the exact opposite of Vaccines Antibody Mediated Since Passive Immunisation a vaccine is supposed to do, and Sincee significant problem that has Immunieation pointed out from the very beginning of this push for a COVID vaccine. However, in some instances, the presence of specific antibodies can be beneficial to the virus. This activity is known as antibody-dependent enhancement ADE of virus infection. This phenomenon has been reported in vitro and in vivo for viruses representing numerous families and genera of public health and veterinary importance.
These viruses share some common features such as preferential replication in macrophages, ability to establish persistence, and antigenic diversity. For some viruses, ADE of infection has become a great concern to disease control by vaccination.
How the COVID-19 Vaccine Can … Destroy Your Immune System
Of those, the four best vaccine candidates were then given to ferrets, which are the closest analogue to human lung infections. In the video below, which is a select outtake from my full interview, Kennedy explains what happened next. While the ferrets displayed robust antibody response, which is the metric used for vaccine licensing, once they were challenged with the wild virus, they all became severely ill Vwccines died. The same thing happened when they tried to develop an RSV vaccine in the s. RSV is an upper respiratory illness that is very similar to that caused by coronaviruses.
At that time, they had decided to skip animal trials and go directly to human trials. It looked perfect [but when] the children were exposed to the wild virus, they all became sick. Two of them died. They abandoned the vaccine. The spike protein, which is what attaches to the ACE2 receptor of the cell, is the first stage of the two-stage process viruses use to gain entry into cells.
The idea is that by creating the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, your immune system will commence production of antibodies, without making you sick in the process.
To determine how MERS affects the immune system, the researchers infected white rabbits with the virus. The rabbits got sick and developed antibodies, but those antibodies were not the neutralizing kindmeaning the kind of antibodies that block infection. As a result, they were not protected from reinfection, and when exposed to MERS for a second time, they became ill again, and more severely Psssive. Interestingly, neutralizing antibodies were elicited during this second infection, preventing the animals from being infected a third time. According to the authors:.
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The Dengue virus is also known to cause ADE. As explained in a Swiss Medical Weekly paper published in April 8. An additional mechanism facilitating viral cell entry and subsequent damage may involve the so-called antibody-dependent enhancement ADE. ADE is a very well-known cascade of events whereby viruses may infect susceptible cells via interaction between virions complexed with antibodies or complement components and, respectively, Fc or complement receptors, leading to the amplification of their replication.
This phenomenon is of enormous relevance not only for the understanding of viral pathogenesis, but also for developing antiviral strategies, notably vaccines …. There are four serotypes of Dengue virus, all eliciting protective immunity.
DENGUE ADE
However, although homotypic protection is long-lasting, cross-neutralizing antibodies against different serotypes are short-lived and may last only up to 2 years. In Dengue fever, reinfection with a Vaccines Antibody Mediated Since Passive Immunisation serotype runs a more severe course when the protective antibody titer wanes. Here, non-neutralizing antibodies take over neutralizing onesbind to Dengue virions, and these complexes mediate the infection of phagocytic cells via interaction with the Fc receptor, in a typical ADE.
In other words, heterotypic antibodies at subneutralizing titres account for ADE in persons infected with a serotype of Dengue virus that is different from the first infection. The paper goes on to detail results from follow-up investigations into the Dengue vaccine, which revealed the hospitalization rate for Dengue among vaccinated children under the age of 9 was greater than the rate Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention controls.
The explanation for this appears to be that the vaccine mimicked a primary infectionand as that immunity waned, the children became susceptible to ADE when they encountered the virus a second time. The author explains:. Based on this, a Strategic Advisor Group of Experts convened by World Health Organization WHO concluded that only Dengue seropositive persons should be vaccinated whenever Dengue control programs are planned that include vaccination.]
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