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What began as a mockery of Blacks for money turned into legal racism ravaging the USA in the s and s? When the African American Journalist T. McCants Stewart reported from his tour of the Southern states in , he could travel first-class cars without being racially discriminated against and received more respect than New England a Northern State ; he was proven wrong after a few years. From the beginning of the s, the Jim Crow Laws — the most glaring long-sustained evidence of racism in American history became the norm in the Southern States. According to Jim Crow facts , it was not single legislation but a collection of lawful statutes in the late s and early s, which sealed the practice of racial discrimination against Blacks. It lasted for almost 75 years, beginning in the s, and was a form of rigorous racial apartheid , similar to what crippled South Africa. Who named it Jim Crow Laws? The Jim Crow Laws

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the Rise and Fall of Jim Crow

The Black Codessometimes called Black Lawswere laws governing the conduct of African Americans free and freed blacks. The best known of them were passed in and by Southern statesafter The Jim Crow Laws American Civil Warin order to restrict African Americans' freedom, and to compel them to work for low wages. InJames Kent wrote that "in most of the United States, there is a distinction in respect to political privileges, between free white persons and free coloured persons of African blood; and in no part of the country do the latter, in point Thee fact, participate equally with the whites, in the exercise of civil and political rights.

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Since the colonial period, colonies and states had passed laws that discriminated against free Blacks. In the South, these were generally included in " slave codes "; the goal was to reduce the influence of free blacks particularly after slave rebellions because of their potential influence on The Jim Crow Laws. Restrictions included prohibiting them from voting although North Carolina had allowed this beforebearing arms, gathering in groups for worship, and learning to read and write. The purpose of these laws was to preserve slavery in slave societies. Before the war, Northern states that had prohibited slavery also enacted laws similar to the slave codes and the later Black Codes: Connecticut, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, [2] and New York enacted laws to discourage free blacks from residing in those states.

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They were denied equal political rights, including the right to vote, the right to attend LLaws schools, and the right to equal treatment under the law. Some of the Northern states, those which had them, repealed such laws around the same time that the Civil War ended and slavery was abolished by constitutional amendment.

In the first two years after the Civil War, white-dominated Southern legislatures passed Black Codes modeled after the earlier slave codes. The name "Black Codes" was given by The Jim Crow Laws leaders and the Republican organs", according to historian John S. Black Codes were part of a larger pattern of whites trying to maintain political dominance and suppress the freedmennewly emancipated African-American slaves.

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They were particularly concerned with controlling movement and labor of freedmen, as slavery had been replaced by a free labor system. Although freedmen had been emancipated, their lives were greatly restricted by the Black Codes.

The defining feature of the Black Codes was broad vagrancy lawwhich allowed local authorities to arrest freedpeople for minor infractions and commit them to involuntary labor. This period was the start of the convict lease system, also described as "slavery by another name" by Douglas Blackmon in his book of this title. Vagrancy laws date to the end of feudalism in Europe. Introduced by aristocratic and landowning classes, they had the dual purpose of restricting access of "undesirable" classes to public spaces and The Jim Crow Laws ensuring a labor pool. Serfs were not emancipated from their land.]