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Western culturesometimes equated with Western civilizationOccidental culturethe Western worldWestern society The Importance Of Culture Communishment And Technology, and European civilizationis the heritage of social normsethical valuestraditional customs, belief systemspolitical systemsartifacts and technologies that originated in or are associated with Europe. The term also applies beyond Europe to countries and cultures whose histories are strongly connected to Europe by immigration, colonization, or influence. For example, Western culture includes countries in the Americassuch Importnce Canada or the United Statesand OceaniaAhd as Australia or New Zealandwhose language and demographic ethnicity majorities are of European descent without indigenous influence.

Western culture is Impprtance strongly influenced by the Greco-Roman and Christian cultures. Ancient Greece is considered the birthplace of many elements of Western culture, including the development of a democratic system of government and major advances in philosophy, science and mathematics. The expansion of Greek culture into the Hellenistic world of the eastern Mediterranean led to a synthesis between Greek and Near-Eastern cultures, [2] and major advances in literature, engineering, and science, and provided the culture for the expansion of early Christianity and the Greek New Testament. Western culture is characterized by a host of artistic, philosophic, literary and legal themes and traditions. Christianityincluding the Roman Catholic Church[7] [8] [9] Protestantism [10] [11] the Eastern Orthodox Churchand Oriental Orthodoxy[12] [13] has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization since at least the 4th century, [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] as did Judaism.

The Importance Of Culture Communishment And Technology

Empiricism later gave rise to the scientific methodthe scientific revolutionand the Age of Enlightenment. Western culture continued to develop with the Christianisation of European society during the Middle Ages, the reforms triggered by the Renaissance of the 12th century and 13th Thw under the influence of the Islamic world via Al-Andalus and Sicily including the transfer of technology from the East, and Latin translations of Arabic texts on science and philosophy[23] [24] [25] and the Italian Renaissance as Greek scholars fleeing the fall of the Byzantine Empire after the Muslim conquest of Constantinople brought classical traditions and philosophy.

Tendencies that have come to define modern Western societies include the concept of political Communishmmentindividualismprominent subcultures or countercultures such as New Age movements and increasing cultural syncretism resulting from globalization and human migration. The West as a geographical area is unclear and undefined. More often the ideology of a state's inhabitants is what will be used to categorize it as a Western https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/blog/work-experience-programme/supermarket-power.php. There is some disagreement about what nations should or should not be included in the category and at what times.

Many parts of the Eastern Roman Byzantine Empire are considered Western today but were considered Eastern in the past. However, in Ijportance past it was also the Eastern Roman Empire that had many features now seen as "Western," preserving Roman law, which was first codified by Justinian in the east, [38] as well as the traditions of scholarship around PlatoAristotleand Euclid that were later introduced The Importance Of Culture Communishment And Technology Italy during the Renaissance by Greek scholars fleeing the fall of The Importance Of Culture Communishment And Technology. Geographically, the " West " see more today would include Europe especially the states that collectively form the European Unionthe United Kingdom, Norway, and Switzerland together with extra-European territories belonging to the English-speaking worldthe Hispanidadthe Lusosphere ; and the Francophonie in the wider context.

Since the context is highly biased and context-dependent, there is no agreed definition of what the "West" is. It is Amd to determine which individuals fit into which category and the East—West contrast is sometimes criticized as relativistic and arbitrary.

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Stereotyped views of "the West" have been labeled Occidentalismparalleling Orientalism —the term for the 19th-century stereotyped The Importance Of Culture Communishment And Technology of "the East". As Europeans discovered the wider world, old concepts adapted.

The area that had formerly been considered the Orient "the East" became the Near East as the interests of the European powers interfered with Meiji Japan and Qing China for the first time in the 19th century. The earliest civilizations which influenced the development of Western culture were those of Mesopotamia ; the area of the Tigris—Euphrates river systemlargely corresponding to modern-day Iraqnortheastern Syriasoutheastern Turkey and southwestern Iran : the cradle of civilization. The Greeks contrasted themselves with both their Eastern neighbours such as the Trojans in Iliad as well as their Western neighbours who they considered barbarians.

What is thought of as Western thought today originates primarily from Greco-Roman and Germanic influences, and includes the ideals of the Middle Agesthe Renaissanceand the Enlightenmentas well as Christian culture. While the concept of a "West" did not exist until the emergence of the Roman Republicthe roots of the concept can be traced back to Ancient Greece. Since Homeric literature the Trojan Warsthrough the accounts of the Persian Wars of Greeks against Persians by Herodotusand right up until the time of Alexander the Greatthere was a paradigm of a contrast between Greeks and other civilizations.

The Importance Of Culture Communishment And Technology

During this period writers like Herodotus and Xenophon would highlight the importance of freedom in the Ancient Greek world, mIportance opposed to the perceived slavery of the so called barbaric world. Alexander's conquests led to the emergence of a Hellenistic civilizationrepresenting a synthesis of Greek and Near-Eastern cultures in the Eastern Mediterranean region.

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Following the Roman conquest of the Hellenistic world, the concept of a "West" arose, as there was a cultural divide between the Greek East and Latin West. The "Greek" East was generally wealthier and more advanced than the "Latin" West [ citation needed ]. With the exception of Italiathe wealthiest provinces of the Roman Empire were in the East, particularly Roman Egypt which was the wealthiest Roman province outside of Italia. For about five Commynishment years, the Roman Empire maintained the Greek East and consolidated a Latin West, but an East-West division remained, reflected in many cultural norms of the two areas, including language.

Eventually, the empire became increasingly split into a Western and Eastern part, reviving old ideas of a contrast between an advanced East, and a rugged West.

The Importance Of Culture Communishment And Technology

In the Roman world, one could speak of three main directions: North Celtic tribal states and Parthiansthe East lux ex orienteand finally the South Quid novi ex Africa? From the time of Alexander the Great the Hellenistic period here, Greek civilization came in contact with Jewish civilization. Christianity would eventually emerge from the syncretism of Hellenic cultureRoman cultureand Second Temple Judaismgradually spreading across the Roman Empire and eclipsing its antecedents and influences.

Roman culture also mixed with CelticGermanicand Slavic cultures, which slowly became integrated into Western culture: starting mainly with their acceptance of Christianity. After the fall of Romemuch of Greco-Roman art, literature, science and even technology were all but lost in the western part of the old empire.]

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