Problems Dealing With Liberty And Social Order - amazonia.fiocruz.br

Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophyideology and social outlook that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual. Individualism makes the individual its focus [1] and so starts "with the fundamental premise that the human individual is of primary importance in the struggle for liberation". Individualism has been used as a term denoting "[t]he quality of being an individual; individuality", [3] related to possessing "[a]n individual characteristic; a quirk ".

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In the English languagethe word individualism was first introduced as a pejorative by utopian socialists such as the Https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/blog/story-in-italian/the-principles-of-mental-health-promotion-in.php in the late s, although it is unclear if they were influenced by Saint-Simonianism or came up with it independently. Although an early follower of Robert Owenhe eventually rejected its collective idea of property and found in individualism a "universalism" that allowed for the development of the "original genius". Without individualism, Smith argued that individuals cannot amass property to increase one's happiness.

An individual is a person or any specific object in a collection. In the 15th century and earlier, and also today within the fields of statistics and metaphysicsindividual means "indivisible", typically describing any numerically singular thing, but sometimes meaning "a person" as in "The problem of proper names ".

From the 17th century on, individual indicates separateness, as in individualism. The principle of individuation, or principium individuationisProble,s describes the manner in which a thing is identified as distinguished from other things. It source a completely natural process necessary for the integration of the psyche to take place.

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Thus, the individual atom is replaced by a never-ending ontological process of individuation. Individuation is an always incomplete process, always leaving a "pre-individual" left-over, itself making possible future individuations. For Stiegler, "the Ias a psychic individual, can only be thought in relationship to wewhich is a collective individual. The I is constituted in adopting a collective tradition, which it https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/blog/culture-and-selfaeesteem/facility-planning-part-i.php and in which a plurality of I ' s acknowledge each other's existence.

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Individualism holds that a person taking part in society attempts to learn and discover what his or her own interests are on a personal basis, without a presumed following of the interests of a societal structure an individualist need not be an egoist. On a societal level, the individualist participates on a personally structured political and moral ground. Independent thinking and opinion is a common trait of an individualist.

Jean-Jacques Rousseauclaims that his concept of general will in The Social Contract is not the simple collection of individual wills and that it furthers the interests of the individual the constraint of law itself would be beneficial for the individual, as the lack of respect for the law necessarily entails, in Problems Dealing With Liberty And Social Order eyes, a form of ignorance and submission to one's passions instead of the preferred autonomy of reason.

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Individualism versus collectivism is a common dichotomy in cross-cultural research. Global comparative studies have found that the world's cultures vary in the degree to which they emphasize individual autonomy, freedom and initiative individualistic traitsrespectively conformity to group norms, maintaining traditions and obedience to in-group authority collectivistic traits. Cultural differences between individualism and collectivism are differences in degrees, not in kind. Middle income regions such as Eastern Europe, South America and mainland East Asia have cultures which are neither very individualistic nor very collectivistic. Ruth Benedict made a distinction, relevant in this context, between guilt societies e. Japan, "bringing shame upon one's ancestors" with an "external reference standard", where people look to their peers for feedback on whether an action is acceptable or not.]