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Factors affecting accuracy of Eyewitness Testimony

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The Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal consisted of the organised child sexual abuse that occurred in the town of Rotherham , South Yorkshire , Northern England from the late s until the s and the failure of local authorities to act on reports of the abuse throughout most of that period. The first group conviction took place in , when five British-Pakistani men were convicted of sexual offences against girls aged 12— The Times articles, along with the trial of the Rochdale child sex abuse ring , prompted the House of Commons Home Affairs Committee to conduct hearings. In August the Jay report concluded that an estimated 1, children, most of them white British girls, [15] had been sexually abused in Rotherham between and by predominantly British-Pakistani men Kurdish and Kosovar men were also involved. The failure to address the abuse was attributed to a combination of factors revolving around race , class and gender —contemptuous and sexist attitudes toward the mostly working-class victims; fear that the perpetrators' ethnicity would trigger allegations of racism and damage community relations; the Labour council's reluctance to challenge a Labour-voting ethnic minority; lack of a child-centred focus; a desire to protect the town's reputation; and lack of training and resources. Rotherham Council's chief executive, its director of children's services, and the Police and Crime Commissioner for South Yorkshire Police all resigned. With a population of ,, according to the census —55, female and 24, aged 0—17—Rotherham is the largest town within the South Yorkshire Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham. Three per cent of the borough belonged to the Pakistani-heritage community. The area has traditionally been a Labour stronghold, and until Sarah Champion was elected in it had never had a female MP. Investigating Factors That Affect The Police Of.

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Violence is "the use of physical force so as to injure, abuse, damage, or destroy". Internationally, violence resulted in deaths of an estimated 1. Inof the estimateddeaths due to interpersonal violence globally, assault by firearm was the cause indeaths, Fcators by sharp object was the cause insee more, and the remainingdeaths from other causes.

Violence in many forms can be preventable. There is a strong relationship between levels of violence and modifiable factors in a country such as an concentrated regional povertyincome and gender inequalitythe harmful use of alcohol, and the absence of safe, stable, and nurturing relationships between children and Thzt. Strategies addressing the underlying causes of violence can be relatively effective in preventing violence, although mental and physical health and individual responses, personalities, etc.

The World Health Organization divides violence into three broad categories: [4]. This initial categorization differentiates between violence that a person inflicts upon himself or herself, violence inflicted by another individual or by a small group of individuals, and violence inflicted by larger groups such as Investigating Factors That Affect The Police Of, organized political groups, militia groups and terrorist organizations.

Self-directed violence is subdivided into suicidal behaviour and self-abuse. The former includes suicidal thoughtsattempted suicides — also called para suicide or deliberate self-injury in some countries — and completed suicides.

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Self-abuse, in contrast, includes acts such as self-mutilation. Unlike the other two broad categories, the subcategories of collective violence suggest possible motives for violence committed by larger groups of individuals or by states. Collective violence that is committed to https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/blog/purpose-of-case-study-in-psychology/solving-the-home-foreclosure-crisis.php a particular social agenda includes, for example, crimes of hate committed by organized groups, terrorist acts and mob violence.

Political violence includes war and related violent conflicts, state violence and similar acts carried out by larger groups.

Economic violence includes attacks by larger groups motivated by economic gain — such as attacks carried out with the purpose of disrupting economic activity, denying access to essential services, or creating economic division and fragmentation. Clearly, acts committed by larger groups can have multiple motives.

War is a state of prolonged violent large-scale conflict involving two or more groups of people, Investigating Factors That Affect The Police Of under the auspices of government. It is the most extreme form of collective violence. There are also ideological, religious and revolutionary wars. Since the Industrial Revolution the lethality of modern warfare has grown. Interpersonal violence is divided into two subcategories: Family and intimate partner violence — that is, violence largely between family members and intimate partners, usually, though not exclusively, taking place in the home. Community violence — violence between individuals who are unrelated, and who may or may not know each other, generally taking place outside the home. The former group includes forms of violence such as child abuseintimate partner violence and abuse of the elderly. The latter includes youth violence, random acts of violence, rape or sexual assault by strangers, and violence in institutional settings such as schools, workplaces, prisons and nursing homes.

When interpersonal violence occurs in families, its psychological consequences can affect parents, children, and their relationship in the short- and long-terms.

Child maltreatment is the abuse and neglect that occurs to children under 18 years of age. Exposure to intimate partner violence is also sometimes included as a form of child maltreatment. Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious lifelong consequences, which is, however, complex Inveshigating difficult to study. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment.

Data for many countries, especially low- and middle-income countries, are lacking. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Consequences of child maltreatment include impaired lifelong physical and mental health, and social and occupational functioning e.

These can ultimately slow a country's economic and social development. Effective prevention programmes support parents and teach positive parenting skills. Ongoing care of children and families can reduce the risk of maltreatment reoccurring and Factord minimize its consequences.

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Following the World Health Organization, youth are defined as people between the ages of 10 and 29 years. Youth violence refers to violence occurring between youths, and includes acts that range from bullying and physical fighting, through more severe sexual and physical assault to homicide. For each young person killed, more sustain injuries requiring hospital treatment.]