An Analysis of Personality Theory - amazonia.fiocruz.br

A personality test is a method of assessing human personality constructs.

Most personality assessment instruments despite being loosely referred to as "personality tests" are in fact introspective i. The first personality assessment measures were developed in the s [9] and were intended to ease the process of personnel selection, particularly in the armed forces. The origins of personality assessment date back to the 18th and 19th centuries, when personality was assessed through phrenologythe measurement of bumps on the human skull, and physiognomywhich assessed personality based on a person's outer appearances. Based on the lexical hypothesis, Galton estimated the number of adjectives that described personality in the English dictionary [19] Galton's list was eventually refined by Louis Leon Thurstone to 60 words that were commonly used for describing personality at the time.

Another early personality instrument was the Woodworth Personal Data Sheeta self-report An Analysis of Personality Theory developed for World War I and used for the psychiatric screening of new draftees.

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There are many different types of personality assessment measures. The self-report inventory involves administration of many items requiring respondents to introspectively assess their own personality characteristics. This is highly subjective, and because of item transparency, such Q-data measures are highly susceptible to motivational and response distortion. An item on a personality questionnaire, for example, might ask respondents to rate the degree to which they agree with the statement "I talk to a lot of different people at parties" on a scale from 1 "strongly disagree" to 5 "strongly agree". Historically, the most widely used multidimensional personality instrument is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory MMPIa psychopathology instrument An Analysis of Personality Theory designed to assess archaic psychiatric nosology.

The meaning of personality test scores are difficult to interpret in a direct sense. For this reason substantial effort is made by producers of personality tests to produce norms to provide a comparative basis for interpreting a respondent's test scores.

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Common formats for these norms include percentile ranks, z scoressten scoresand other forms of standardised scores. A substantial amount of research and thinking has gone into the topic of personality test development. Development of personality tests tends to be an iterative process whereby https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/blog/purpose-of-case-study-in-psychology/my-personal-definition-of-conflict.php test is progressively refined.

Test development can proceed on theoretical or statistical grounds.

There are three commonly used general strategies: Inductive, Deductive, and Empirical. Deductive assessment construction begins by selecting a domain or construct to measure. Measures created through deductive methodology are equally valid and take significantly less time to construct compared to inductive and empirical measures. The clearly defined and face valid questions that result from this process make them easy for the person taking the assessment to understand.

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Although subtle items can be created through the deductive process, [29] these measure often are not as capable of detecting lying as other methods of personality assessment construction. Inductive assessment construction begins with the creation of a multitude of diverse items. The items created for an inductive measure to not intended to represent any theory or construct in particular.]