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In pre-Columbian times, a variety of diseases existed in the Americas.

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One notable disease of American origin is syphilis [2] ; aside from that, most of the major epidemic diseases we are familiar with today originated in the Old World Africa, Asia, and Europe. The American era of limited disease ended with the arrival of Europeans in the Americas and the Columbian exchange of organisms, including those that cause human diseases. European diseases and epidemics, Type 2 Diabetes An Epidemic still present among Native American populations https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/blog/culture-and-selfaeesteem/movie-analysis-vengeance.php, were especially influential in Native American life of the past. European diseases devastated entire tribes. In more modern times, these diseases still plague Native American populations.

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Current diseases and epidemics are being addressed by many different groups, both governmental and independent, through a multitude of programs. Because Native American populations were not previously exposed to most diseases introduced by European colonists, populations rarely had built up individual or population Type 2 Diabetes An Epidemic to those diseases. In addition, Europe's position as a crossroads between many different peoples, many of whom were separated by hundreds, if not thousands, of miles—through things like constant war spreading afflictions throughout the continent and the Silk Road bringing diseases from the East—resulted in Europeans developing immunity to a large variety of diseases. Therefore, the diseases brought by the Europeans, which had little effect on them as a population, greatly affected, and often continue to affect, Native Americans.

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This phenomenon is known as the virgin soil effect. The arrival of Europeans also brought on the Columbian exchange. During this period European settlers brought many different technologies and lifestyles with them.

Arguably, the most harmful effect of this exchange was the arrival and spread of disease. Numerous diseases were brought to the Americas, including smallpoxbubonic plaguechickenpoxcholerathe common colddiphtheriainfluenzamalariameaslesscarlet feversexually transmitted diseasestyphoidtyphustuberculosisand pertussis [4] [5] [6].

Each of these brought destruction through sweeping epidemics, involving disability, illness, and extensive deaths. They therefore often-unknowingly passed the diseases to natives, Type 2 Diabetes An Epidemic they became epidemics. The diseases brought by Europeans are not easily tracked, since there were numerous outbreaks and all were not equally recorded. The first well-documented Diiabetes epidemic happened in Certain cultural and biological traits made Native Americans more susceptible Epidemkc these more info. Emphasis placed on visiting the sick led to the spread of disease through continual contact.

Their societies typically believed that disease is caused by either a lack of charm use, an intrusion of an object by means of sorcery, or the free soul's absence from the body. Disease was understood to enter the body if one is not protected by the spirits, as it is a natural occurrence.

Religious powers were called on to cure diseases in the practice of shamanism.

Disease evolution and host—pathogen interactions may have influenced Native American disease history. Disease evolution is the result of the interaction of hosts, pathogens, and setting. One example of disease evolution is the direct biological effects of crowding that directly influence a host's susceptibility to disease. Power et al.]