The Four Theories Of Restorative Justice - amazonia.fiocruz.br

The Four Theories Of Restorative Justice Video

Justicein its broadest sense, is the principle that people receive that which they deserve, with the interpretation of what then constitutes "deserving" being impacted Restorativee by numerous fields, with many differing viewpoints and perspectives, including the concepts of moral correctness based on ethicsrationalitylawreligionequity and fairness.

Consequently, the application of justice differs in every culture. Throughout history various theories have been established. Advocates of divine command theory have said that justice issues from God. In the s, philosophers like John Locke said that justice derives from natural law.

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Social contract theory said that justice is derived from the mutual agreement of everyone. In the s, utilitarian philosophers like John Stuart Mill said that justice is based on the best outcomes for the greatest number of people.

Theories of distributive justice study what oFur to be distributed, between whom they are to be distributed, and what is the proper distribution. Egalitarians have said that justice can only exist within the coordinates of equality. John Rawls used a social contract theory to say that justice, and especially distributive justice, is a form of fairness. Robert Nozick and others said that property rightsalso within the realm of distributive justice and natural law, maximizes the overall wealth of an economic system.

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Theories of retributive justice say that wrongdoing should be punished to insure justice. The closely related restorative justice also sometimes called "reparative justice" is an approach to justice that focuses on the needs of victims and offenders.

In his dialogue RepublicPlato uses Socrates to argue for justice that covers both the just person and the just City State. Justice is a proper, harmonious relationship between the warring parts of the person or city. Hence, Plato's definition of justice is that justice is the having and doing of what is one's own. A just man is a man in just the right place, doing his best and giving the precise equivalent of what he has received.

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This applies both at the individual level and at the universal level. If one is ill, one goes to a medic rather than a farmer, because the medic is expert in the subject of health. Similarly, one should trust one's city to an expert in the subject of the good, not to a mere politician who tries here gain power by giving people what they want, rather than what's good for them.

Socrates uses the parable of the ship to illustrate this point: the unjust city is like a ship in open ocean, crewed by a powerful but drunken captain the common peoplea group of untrustworthy advisors who try to manipulate the captain into Old Video Link Click them power over the ship's course the politiciansand a navigator the philosopher who is the only one who knows how to get the ship to port.

Advocates of divine command theory say that justice, and indeed the whole of morality, is the authoritative command of God. Murder is wrong and must be punished, for instance, because God says it so. Some versions of the theory assert that God must be obeyed because of the nature of his relationship with humanity, others assert that God must be obeyed because he is goodness itself, and thus doing what he The Four Theories Of Restorative Justice would be best for everyone. A meditation on the Divine command theory by Plato can be found in his dialogue, Euthyphro. Called the Euthyphro dilemmait goes as follows: "Is what is morally good commanded by God because it is morally good, or is it morally good because it is commanded by God? A responsepopularized in two contexts by Immanuel Kant and C. Lewisis that it is deductively valid to say that the existence of an objective morality implies the existence of God and vice versa. For advocates of the theory that The Four Theories Of Restorative Justice is part of natural law e.]