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Students explore the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 40 years with an interactive online model. They use the model and observations to estimate present emission rates and emission growth rates. The model is then used to estimate future levels of carbon dioxide using different future emission scenarios. These different scenarios are then linked by students to climate model predictions also used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This activity involves plotting and comparing monthly data on atmospheric C02 concentrations over two years, as recorded in Mauna Loa and the South Pole, and postulating reasons for differences in their seasonal patterns. Longer-term data is then examined for both sites to see if seasonal variations from one site to the other carry over into longer term trends.

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Living in an energy-efficient home does not just save money on utility bills. A study from the Urban Green Council found that during a winter blackout in New York City, the temperature inside a typical single-family house would drop to 35 degrees Fahrenheit after just three days. But a high-efficiency house would stay above 60 degrees. An efficient house can also stay cooler during a heat wave, even without air conditioning, so it can reduce the risk of heat-related illness. So he says that as damaging storms, heat waves, and other extreme weather events grow more common, prioritizing energy efficiency can help communities keep their people safe. Menu Yale Climate Connections. Topics: Energy. Posted on Nov 18, Posted on Oct 26, Posted on Oct 21, The Climate And Energy Connection

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Industrial robot Autonomous research robot Domestic robot. Home automation Banking automation Laboratory automation Integrated library system Broadcast automation Console automation Building automation.

Automated attendant Automated guided vehicle Automated highway system Automated pool cleaner Automated reasoning Automated teller machine Automatic painting robotic Visit web page music automation Robotic lawn mower Telephone switchboard Vending machine. Building automation is an example of a distributed control system — the computer networking of electronic devices designed to monitor and control the systems in a building. BAS core functionality keeps building climate within a specified range, Ckimate light to rooms based on an occupancy schedule in the absence of overt switches to the contrarymonitors performance and device failures in all systems, and provides malfunction alarms to building maintenance staff. A BAS should reduce building energy and maintenance costs compared to a non-controlled building.

Most commercial, institutional, and industrial buildings built after include a BAS. Many older buildings have been retrofitted with a new BAS, typically financed through energy and insurance savings, and other savings oCnnection with pre-emptive maintenance and fault detection. A building controlled by a BAS is often referred to as an intelligent building, [3] "smart building", or if a residence a " smart home ". In The Climate And Energy Connection, one of the world's first smart houses was built in KlaukkalaFinland in the form of a five-floor apartment block, utilizing the Kone Residential Flow solution created by The Climate And Energy Connectionallowing even a smartphone to act as a home key.

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Accordingly, The Climate And Energy Connection, industrial, military and other institutional users now use systems that differ from home systems mostly in scale. See home automation for more on entry level systems, nVoy, Almost all multi-story green buildings are designed to accommodate a BAS for the energy, air and water conservation characteristics. Electrical device demand response is a typical function of a BAS, as is the more sophisticated ventilation and humidity monitoring required of "tight" insulated buildings. Most green buildings also use as many low-power DC devices as possible. Even a passivhaus design intended to consume no net energy whatsoever will typically require a Connectiom to manage heat captureshading and venting, and scheduling device use.

The term building automation systemloosely used, refers to any electrical control system that is used to control a buildings heating, ventilation and air conditioning HVAC system.

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Modern BAS can also control indoor and outdoor lighting as well as security, fire alarms, and basically more info else that is electrical in the building. Modern Comnection rely on standards-based multi-protocol heterogeneous networking such as that specified in the IEEE These accommodate typically only IP-based networking but can make use of any existing wiring, and The Climate And Energy Connection integrate powerline networking over AC circuits, power over Ethernet low-power DC circuits, high-bandwidth wireless networks such as LTE and IEEE Proprietary hardware dominates the controller market.

Each company has controllers for specific applications. Some are designed with limited controls and no interoperability, such as simple packaged roof top units for HVAC. Software will typically not integrate well with packages from other vendors. Current systems provide interoperability at the application level, allowing users to mix-and-match devices from different manufacturers, and to provide integration with other compatible building control systems.

These typically rely on SNMPlong used for this same purpose to integrate diverse computer networking devices into one coherent network. Analog inputs are used to read a variable measurement. Examples are temperaturehumidity and pressure sensors which could be thermistor4—20 mA0—10 volt or platinum resistance thermometer resistance temperature detectoror wireless sensors. A digital input indicates if a device is turned on or not - however it was detected. Digital inputs The Climate And Energy Connection also be pulse type inputs counting the frequency of pulses over a given period of time. An example is a turbine flow meter transmitting rotation data as a frequency of pulses to an input.

Nonintrusive load monitoring [7] is software relying on digital sensors and algorithms to discover appliance or other loads from electrical or magnetic characteristics of the circuit. It is however detecting the event by an analog means.

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These are extremely cost-effective Andd operation and useful not only for identification but to detect The Climate And Energy Connection transientsline or equipment faults, etc. Analog outputs control the speed or position of a device, such as a variable frequency drivean I-P current to pneumatics transduceror a valve or damper actuator. Another example is a variable frequency drive ramping up a motor slowly to avoid a hard start.

Digital outputs are used to open and close relays and switches as well as drive a load upon command. An example would be to turn on the parking lot lights when a photocell indicates it is dark outside.]