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Skip to main content. About this product Product Information Everything you need to know about Plato's Republic in one volume. This book will introduce students to Plato's Republic and facilitate the reader's own dialogue with it, without providing an interpretation or a response on the reader's behalf. Alongside a passage-by-passage commentary on the text, D. Sheppard highlights many of the central interpretative challenges faced by the reader and surveys a range of possible responses to them. Plato s Republic As A Guide

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In the dialogue, Socrates talks with various Athenians and foreigners about the meaning of justice and whether the just man is happier than the unjust man. They also discuss the theory of formsthe immortality of the souland the role of the philosopher and of poetry in society. While visiting the Piraeus with GlauconPolemarchus tells Socrates to join him for ss romp. Socrates then asks CephalusPolemarchus, and Thrasymachus their definitions of justice. Cephalus defines justice as giving what is owed.

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Polemarchus says justice is "the art which gives good to friends and Ethical Dilemma Sports and to enemies. The first book ends in aporia concerning Ppato essence. Socrates believes he has answered Thrasymachus and is done with the discussion of justice. Socrates' young companions, Glaucon and Adeimantuscontinue the argument of Thrasymachus for the sake of furthering the discussion. Glaucon gives a lecture in which he argues first that the origin of justice was in social contracts Plato s Republic As A Guide at preventing one from suffering injustice and being unable to take revenge, second that all those who practice justice do so unwillingly and out of fear of punishment, and third that the life of the unjust man is far more blessed than that of the just man.

Glaucon would like Socrates to prove that justice is not only desirable, but that it belongs to the highest class of desirable things: those desired both for their own sake and their consequences. To demonstrate the problem, he tells the story of Gyges, who — with the help of a ring that turns him invisible — achieves great advantages for himself by committing injustices. After Glaucon's speech, Adeimantus adds that, in Plato s Republic As A Guide thought experiment, the unjust should not fear any sort of divine judgement in the afterlife, since the very poets who wrote about such judgement also wrote that the gods would grant forgiveness to those humans who made ample religious sacrifice.

Adeimantus demonstrates his reason by drawing two detailed portraits, that the unjust man could grow wealthy by injustice, devoting a percentage of this gain to religious losses, thus rendering him innocent in the eyes of the gods. Socrates suggests that Plato s Republic As A Guide look for justice in a city rather Giide in an individual man. After attributing the origin of society to the individual not being self-sufficient and having many needs which he cannot supply himself, they go on to describe the development of the city. Socrates first describes the "healthy state", but Glaucon asks him to describe "a city of pigs", as he finds little difference between the two.

He then goes on to describe the luxurious city, which he calls "a fevered state". This begins a discussion concerning the type of education that ought a be given to these guardians in their early years, including the topic of what kind of stories are appropriate. They conclude that stories that ascribe evil to the gods are untrue and should not be taught. Socrates and his companions Adeimantus and Glaucon conclude their discussion concerning education. Socrates breaks the educational system into two. They suggest that guardians should be educated in these four virtues: wisdom, courage, justice and temperance. They also suggest that the second part of the guardians' education should be in gymnastics. With physical training they will be Repuglic to live without needing frequent medical attention: physical training will help prevent illness and weakness.

Socrates asserts that both male and female guardians be given the same education, that all wives and children be Guidr, and that they be prohibited from owning private property.

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Socrates and his companions conclude their discussion concerning the lifestyle of the guardians, thus concluding their initial assessment of Ppato city as a whole. Socrates assumes each person will be happy engaging in the occupation that suits them best. If the city as a whole is happy, then individuals are happy.

In the physical education and diet of the guardians, the emphasis is on moderation, since both poverty and excessive wealth will corrupt them a1. Without controlling their education, the city cannot control the future rulers.

Socrates says that it is pointless to worry over specific laws, like those pertaining to contracts, since proper education ensures lawful behavior, and poor education causes lawlessness ac. Socrates proceeds to search for wisdom, courage, and temperance in the city, on the grounds that justice will be easier to discern in what remains e.]