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Influenza Virus Kapoor And Dhama 2014 Video

The search for effective coronavirus disease COVID therapy has attracted a great deal of scientific interest due to its unprecedented health care system overload worldwide.

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We have carried out a study to investigate the in silico effects of the most abundant pomegranate peel extract constituents on the multi-step process of serious acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS-CoV-2 internalization in Influenza Virus Kapoor And Dhama 2014 host cells. Binding affinities and interactions of ellagic acid, gallic acid, punicalagin and punicalin were studied on four selected protein targets with a significant and confirmed role https://amazonia.fiocruz.br/scdp/blog/work-experience-programme/synopsis-of-the-story-natalia-soto.php the process of the entry of virus into a host cell. The protein targets used in this study were: SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, furin and transmembrane serine protease 2. The results showed that the constituents of pomegranate peel extracts, namely punicalagin and punicalin had very promising potential for significant interactions with the selected protein targets and were therefore deemed good candidates for further in vitro and in vivo evaluation.

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Differently from the continue reading two, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread rapidly with a high human-to-human transmission rate, affecting the respiratory system and causing serious clinical impairment with extremely high mortality worldwide, putting the World Health Organization in a position to declare pandemic on March 11, [ 3 ].

The structure of SARS-CoV-2 virus is well determined and the virus itself is composed of four main structural proteins such as spike S glycoprotein, small envelope E glycoprotein, membrane M glycoprotein and nucleocapsid N protein, as well as several accessory proteins [ 4 ]. Influenza Virus Kapoor And Dhama 2014 S glycoprotein, which is incorporated into the viral envelope, is crucial for virus binding to a specific receptor and fusion with target host cells. It has already been well established that SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the cells of the respiratory system by interacting with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ACE2 as its specific receptor [ 5 ].

The virus-receptor attachment occurs at the binding domain presented at and residues of the virus S glycoprotein [ 7 ].

Introduction

The S glycoprotein comprises of two functional subunits known as S1, which is an amino N -terminal subunit and S2, a carboxyl C -terminal subunit. The surface S1 subunit binds to the ACE2 receptor, while the transmembrane subunit S2 interacts with the host cell membrane to facilitate the fusion of the viral cell membrane with the host Vrus membrane, and thus initiate the process of endocytosis.

Both of these enzymes are highly expressed on the surface of the epithelial cells of the respiratory system, and after Inffluenza fusion the TMPRSS2 will cleave the S glycoprotein. However, it has become evident that the S glycoprotein is activated by a two-step process requiring another enzyme, furin. Furin is a membrane-bound member of the proprotein convertases family which processes latent precursor proteins into their biologically active products. Different substances, like camostat mesylate as a TMPRSS2 inhibitor, as well as several furin inhibitors, could potentially attenuate or block the virus entry process [ 14 ]. However, there are currently no medications proven to be effective for the prevention or treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and researchers are desperately trying to discover molecules with efficient antiviral activity.

Including natural products from herbal medicine [ 15 ]. One of those is pomegranate Punica granatum L. Pomegranate has been traditionally used in the folk medicine due to its beneficial health properties and treatment of different chronic diseases like diabetes type 2 [ 1617 ], atherosclerosis [ 1819 ], cardiovascular diseases [ 20 ], inflammatory diseases [ 21 ] or cancer [ 22 ]. Pomegranate peel extracts are particularly rich with phytobiotics such as hydrolysable tannins ellagitannin, punicalagin, punicalin, gallic and ellagic acid Inflhenza, flavonoids, anthocyanins and other phenols. These polyphenols possess a wide range of biologic properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, antihypertensive or antimicrobial effects [ 1723Influenza Virus Kapoor And Dhama 2014 ].]