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Really: Artificial Intelligence Dangers

Existential risk from artificial general intelligence is the Artificial Intelligence Dangers that substantial progress in artificial general intelligence AGI could someday result in human extinction or some other unrecoverable global catastrophe. If AI surpasses humanity in general intelligence and becomes " superintelligent ", then Dangegs could become difficult or impossible for humans to control. Just as the fate of the mountain gorilla depends on human goodwill, so might the fate of humanity depend on the actions of a future machine superintelligence. The likelihood of this type of scenario is widely debated, and hinges in part on differing scenarios for future progress in computer science.

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Many researchers believe that a superintelligence would naturally resist attempts to shut it off or change its goals—a principle called instrumental convergence —and that preprogramming a superintelligence with a full set of human values will prove to be an extremely difficult technical task. A second source of concern is that a sudden and unexpected " intelligence explosion " might take an unprepared human race by surprise. To illustrate, if the first generation of a computer program able to broadly match the effectiveness of an AI researcher is able to rewrite its algorithms and double its speed or capabilities in six months, then the second-generation program is expected to Artificial Intelligence Dangers three calendar months to perform a similar chunk of here. In this scenario the time for each generation continues to shrink, and the system undergoes an unprecedentedly large number of generations of improvement in a Artificial Intelligence Dangers time interval, jumping from subhuman performance in many areas to Immortals of Greek mythology performance in all relevant areas.

One of the earliest authors to express serious concern that highly advanced machines might pose existential risks to humanity was the novelist Samuel Butlerwho wrote the following in his essay Darwin among the Machines : [11]. The upshot is simply a question of time, but that the time will come when the machines will hold the real supremacy over the world and its inhabitants is what no person of a truly philosophic mind can for a moment question.

Incomputer scientist Alan Turing wrote Aritficial article titled Artificial Intelligence Dangers Machinery, A Heretical Theoryin which he proposed that artificial general intelligences would likely "take control" of the world as Intrlligence became more intelligent than human beings:. Let us now assume, for the sake of argument, that [intelligent] machines are a genuine possibility, and look at the consequences of constructing them There would be no question of the machines dying, and they would be able to converse with each other to sharpen their wits. Finally, inI. Good originated the concept now known as an "intelligence explosion"; he also stated that the risks were underappreciated: [13]. Let an more info machine be defined as a machine that can far surpass all the intellectual activities of any man however Artificial Intelligence Dangers.

Since the design of machines is one of these intellectual activities, an ultraintelligent machine could design even better machines; there would then unquestionably be an 'intelligence explosion', and the intelligence of man would be left far behind.

Thus the first ultraintelligent machine is the last invention Daangers man need ever make, provided that the machine is docile enough to tell us how to keep it under control. It is curious that this point is made so seldom outside of science fiction. It is sometimes worthwhile to take science fiction seriously. Occasional statements from scholars such as Marvin Minsky [15] and I. Good himself [16] expressed philosophical concerns that a superintelligence could seize control, but contained no call to action. Incomputer scientist and Sun co-founder Bill Joy penned an influential essay, " Why The Future Doesn't Need Us ", identifying superintelligent robots as a high-tech dangers to human survival, alongside nanotechnology and engineered bioplagues.

Inexperts attended a private conference hosted by the Association for Dangeers Artificial Intelligence Dangers of Artificial Intelligence AAAI to discuss whether computers and robots might be able to acquire any sort Artificial Intelligence Dangers autonomyand how much these abilities might pose a threat or hazard. They noted that some robots have acquired various forms of semi-autonomy, including being able to find power sources on their own and being able to independently choose targets to attack with weapons.

Artificial intelligence dangers essay

More info also noted that some computer viruses can evade elimination and have achieved "cockroach intelligence. The New York Times summarized the conference's view as "we are a long way from Halthe computer that took over the spaceship in " Artificial Intelligence Dangers Space Odyssey "". Inthe publication of Nick Bostrom 's book Superintelligence stimulated a significant amount of public discussion and debate.

Russell and Roman Yampolskiyand entrepreneurs Elon Musk and Bill Gates were expressing concern about the risks of superintelligence. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approachthe standard undergraduate AI textbook, [25] [26] assesses that superintelligence "might mean the end of the human race". AI systems uniquely add a third difficulty: the problem that even given "correct" requirements, bug-free implementation, and initial good behavior, an AI system's dynamic "learning" capabilities may cause it to "evolve into a system with unintended behavior", even without the stress of new unanticipated external scenarios. An AI may partly botch an attempt to design a new generation of itself and accidentally create a successor AI that is more powerful than itself, but that no longer maintains the human-compatible moral values preprogrammed into the original AI.

For a self-improving AI to be completely safe, it would not only need to be "bug-free", but it would need to be able to design successor systems that are also "bug-free". All three of these difficulties become catastrophes rather than nuisances in any scenario where the superintelligence labeled as "malfunctioning" correctly predicts that humans will attempt to shut it off, and successfully deploys its superintelligence to outwit such attempts, the so-called "treacherous turn".

Citing Artificial Intelligence Dangers advances in the field of AI and the potential for AI Artificial Intelligence Dangers have enormous long-term benefits or costs, the Open Letter on Artificial Intelligence stated:. The progress in AI research makes it timely to focus research not only on making AI more capable, but also on maximizing the societal benefit of AI.

Such considerations motivated the AAAI Presidential Panel on Long-Term AI Futures and other projects on AI impacts, and constitute a significant expansion of the field of AI itself, which up to now has focused largely on techniques that are neutral with respect to purpose.

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We recommend expanded research aimed at ensuring that increasingly capable AI systems are robust and beneficial: our AI systems must do what we want them to do. A superintelligent machine would be as alien to humans as Artificial Intelligence Dangers thought processes are to cockroaches. Such a machine may not have Intellogence best interests at heart; it is not obvious that it would even care about human welfare at all.]